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The elastic fiber shows the body, enjoy the comfort of dressing, making the unsuborated contribution, girls' sexy stockings, summer bikini, winter beauty and slim tights are inseparable from her.
Spandex is a common elastic fiber that can increase the comfort and flexibility of people's activities. However, if you think that the elastic fiber is only spandex, it is wrong. According to the definition of ASTM of the American Material Experiment Association, the elastic fiber refers to a 2-fold amount of the material being repeatedly stretched at at least the original length of the original, and after the pull release, it can quickly return to the original type of fiber, so The following six kinds of fibers can be referred to as elastic fibers.
1, diene elastic fiber (rubber wire)
Diene elastic fibers are commonly known as rubber wire or rubber wire, and elongation is generally between 100% to 300%. The main chemical components are vulcanized polyisoprene, have good chemical physical properties such as high temperature, acid and alkali resistance, and wear resistant, widely used in knitting industries such as socks, ribs cuffs. The rubber wire is an early use of elastic fibers due to its main production as a crude yarn, so the use range in the woven fabric is limited.
2, polyether ester elastic fiber
The polyether ester elastic fiber is an elastic fiber made of polyester and polyether copolymers through melting spinning, and Japanese Emperor's first production was first produced in 1990. The polyether ester elastic fibers are not only high in strength, and the elasticity is also very good. When the elongation is 50%, the elasticity of the middle and strong elastic fibers is comparable to the spandex, the melting point is also high, and the PET fiber is blended, and can be at 120 ° C to 130 ° C. During the staining, the polyester fibers can also be processed into elastic textiles. In addition, their light resistance is excellent, chlorochemis resistance, acid and alkali resistance, etc. are better than ordinary spandex. Due to good acid-resistant, the fabric composed of it and the polyester can also be reduced to improve the salvage of the fabric. This fiber also has the advantages of cheap, easy to produce and processing, is a class of more developed fibers.
The polyolefin elastic fibers are produced by melt spinning by polyene thermoplastic elastomers. US Dow Chemical (Dow Chemical) The XLA introduced in 2002 is the first commercial polyolefin elastic fiber, which is produced by a metallocene catalyst catalyzed in situ polymerized ethylene-octene copolymer (PoE). . It has good elasticity, 500% breaking elongation, can be resistant to high temperature, chlorine-resistant and strong acid resistance by 220 ° C, and has strong ultraviolet degradation. Its production process is simpler, and the raw material is low, and there is almost no contamination during the production process and is easy to recycle. Since the polyolefin elastic fibers have a variety of excellent properties, the application has become increasingly widely used in recent years.
4, composite elastic fiber
Contex Conte (ST 100 Composite Elastic Fiber, Market Currently T400 Elastic Fiber) is a two-component new composite elastic fiber made from DuPont Sorona as a main raw material, a two-component new composite elastic fiber made of advanced PET through advanced composite spinning process, with natural permanent spiral Curly and excellent bulking, elasticity, elastic recovery rate, color fastness, especially soft feel, can be intended to be sanding separately, or with cotton, adhesive, polyester, nylon, etc., forming a variety of kinds style.
It not only solves the traditional spandex, the elastic excess, the weave is complex, the fabric size is unstable, and the use of easy aging is easy to aging, and can be directly woven on the jet, water, the arrow loom, and do not have to be like spandex. That is necessary to make a woven yarn before you can get woven, reduce the cost of the yarn, improve the quality of the product.
The above-mentioned elastic fibers are soft-elastic fibers that have large deformation and reply under lower stress. From the analysis of the thermodynamic angle, elastic from the degree of freedom (or chaos) of the molecular chain, that is, the change in the system entropy value, so the crystallinity of the above fibers is very low. However, some fibers such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) are not easily deformed under low stress (because they have high modulus), but at higher Under the stress, especially at lower temperatures, there is a good elasticity, so such fibers are called hard elastic fibers.
The deformation of the hard elastic fibers is significantly different from the flexible fibers. For example, the hard-elastic PP fiber is immediately tensile, and the modulus and strength have a lot of strength, but if the stress is removed, or the temperature is sufficiently relaxed, the second pull Stretch, the deformation reply is basically close to the first curve. This is due to the hard-elastic fiber stretching and reply, not only the stretching and retraction deformation of the soil-elastic fiber curled molecular length segment, but also accompanied by some microporous structures during the tensile process, The wafer network structure has also changed. Only after these structures change gradually recover, they can return to the original state, so they have deformation reply at higher pressures, called hard elastic fibers.
At present, hard elastic fibers are applied in textiles, but because their elastic features are different from soft elastic fibers, some special textiles can be developed.